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Symphony in Black
''Symphony in Black: A Rhapsody of Negro Life'' is a nine-and-a-half minute musical short produced in 1935 that features Duke Ellington’s early extended piece, "A Rhapsody of Negro Life". The film, Billie Holiday’s screen debut, was directed by Fred Waller and distributed by Paramount Pictures.
''Symphony in Black'' represents a landmark in musical, cultural, and entertainment history as well as significant progress in Ellington’s own biography. It a member of the first generation of non-classically arranged orchestral scores and perhaps most importantly, one of the first films written by an African-American describing African-American life to reach wide distribution.
==Background==
''Symphony in Black'' depicts black life in America and the composition itself (''A Rhapsody of Negro Life'') is divided into four parts: “The Laborers,” “A Triangle”, “A Hymn of Sorrow” and “Harlem Rhythm”. “A Triangle” features the vocals by Holiday and solos by jazz clarinetist and tenor saxophonist Barney Bigard and Ellington Orchestra regular, trombonist 'Tricky Sam' Nanton. It is important to note that while ''Symphony in Black'' is the title of the Paramount film, ''A Rhapsody of Negro Life'' is the actual title of Ellington's composition. The piece has been largely overshadowed by its successor, perhaps Ellington’s most best known extended composition, ''Black, Brown, and Beige'' and thus significantly less documentation exists concerning it.
Despite that, on October 19, 1935, ''The Chicago Defender'' published an article entitled "Spotlites of Harlem", that announced the release of ''Symphony in Black'' among other current musical events of interest to readers.〔"Spotlites of Harlem," ''Chicago Defender'', October 19, 1935, 1〕 The film won the Best "musical short subject" Academy Award for its year.〔Gunther Schuller ''The Swing Era'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, p.94〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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